Rice Law Office Blog

PROTECTIONS FOR FIRST RESPONDERS WHO CONTRACT COVID-19 IN NH

Executive Order for First Responders:

In the case of first responders, the burden of establishing causation with respect to COVID-19 has been made easier for the time being by Governor Sununu’s Emergency Order #36. This Order establishes that “Notwithstanding the provisions of RSA 281-a:2, XI and XIII, 16 and 27, in any proceeding before the New Hampshire Department of Labor or the administratively attached Compensation Appeals Board, there shall exist a prima facie presumption that the first responder’s COVID-19 exposure and infection were occupationally related.”

For purposes of the order, “First Responder” includes any individual covered by the definition of “Emergency response/public safety worker” as set forth in RSA 281-A:2V-c, which includes call, volunteer, or regular firefighters; certified law enforcement officers, county corrections officers; emergency communication dispatchers (incongruously, given the isolated nature of the work); and rescue or emergency medical personnel. The Order does not cover healthcare workers or any other employees who have been identified as essential workers during the emergency order. To be eligible for the protections of this Order, a “first responder” must have tested positive for COVID -19 and the case must have been reported to the Department of Health and Human Services.

It is important to note this is not new legislation, but an Order which is in effect only for the duration of the COVID-19 state of emergency in the New Hampshire. As such, unless there is a change, this Order and the presumption it provides is temporary and is only set to last as long as the state of emergency is in place. When this Order expires, the presumption will lapse and in order to be covered for workers’ compensation from contracting COVID-19, first responders will be required to prove more probably than not, that they contracted the illness in and during the course of their work by applying the increased risk test or perhaps under the theory of occupational disease.

Learn more about COVID-19 laws regarding unemployment and workers' compensation in New Hampshire.

Is COVID-19 An Occupational Disease under New Hampshire Worker’s Compensation Law?

As addressed in previous articles, there will be worker's compensation coverage available for many employees who contract COVID-19 at work. The most likely path to this coverage will be with the understanding that the employee became ill due to a neutral risk, but that the employee faced a greater risk of getting ill due to his or her work, as compared to the general public. This is known as the increased risk test and employees who can show this will likely find coverage available for lost wages, medical bills and job protections.

However, healthcare workers who treat patients with diagnoses of COVID-19 may have more than one route to winning coverage should they contract COVID-19. Certainly, these workers should be able to show they are at increased risk of contracting the illness as compared to members of the general public due to the work they do and to the correlating increased frequency of direct exposure to illness, even if no specific transmission of the disease can be traced to a known carrier. If the healthcare worker has had to engage in care that entails unusually contagious situations, such as exposures in the process of resuscitation or intubation or without full PPE, the fact that their risk was increased due to the qualitative nature of their work is clear.

That said, there may be an argument to be made that these workers or those in similar circumstances, may alternatively be eligible for workers’ compensation benefits under NH RSA 281-A:2 XIII: Occupational Disease.

RSA 281-A:2 XIII Occupational Disease

In accordance with RSA 281-A:2 XIII “Occupational disease” is “...an injury arising out of and in the course of the employee’s employment and due to causes and conditions characteristic of and peculiar to the particular trade, occupation or employment. It shall not include other diseases or death therefrom unless they are the direct result of an accidental injury arising out of or in the course of employment...”

Workers' compensation coverage for COVID-19 in New Hampshire: Here’s what employers and employees in New Hampshire need to know about how they can limit both the spread of COVID-19 and economic loss for everyone:

Employer immunity legislation is a hot topic as politicians argue over whether our current laws are sufficient to provide coverage for employees who contract COVID-19 at work, while still reasonably limiting employer liability.

We all have an interest in worker safety. A sick employee is a sick mother, father, daughter, son, neighbor or friend. The illness of an employee and the economic impact of that illness is contagious to all those who are connected to that person. One sick employee passes the illness to another, who brings it home and then sends it to school, then on to the grocery store, to grandma and the new baby cousin and so on.

Likewise, a sick and unemployed person’s financial insecurity is also contagious. Without income or insurance and while simultaneously facing mounting medical bills, COVID-19 patients can’t help but spread the economic impact of their loss onto others in their circle. They can’t pay their bills or buy goods when their income stops and so landlords, shop owners, gas station workers, grocers, hairdressers and more suffer right along with the sick worker.

Over the last few months we have learned how connected we all are. We want employees to be safe and protected, and yet we need to reopen the economy. We want to have a safety net for those who do get sick at work, but we don’t want employers to go out of business providing this protection. As a community we face difficult choices and sometimes it feels like we face inevitable loss no matter what we do.